１ Introduction
(１) Purpose of the talk
(２) 16 years of life in South Africa
(３) South Africa 20 year of democracy
２ Period under Apartheid and Oppression
(１) Role of Diplomatic Community
(２) Life under Apartheid
３ What Nelson Mandela left with us
(１) Who is Nelson Mandela
(２) Achievements of his Leadership
(３) His philosophy on Humanity
(４) “Mandela Moment”
(５) Mandela and Japan
(６) Toward inclusive development
４ Conclusion Sharing Mandela Legacy
Three Quotes I made during my talk.
“I always knew that deep down in every human heart, there is mercy and generosity. No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite. Even in the grimmest times in prison, when my comrades and I were pushed to our limits, I would see a glimmer of humanity in one of the guards, perhaps just for a second, but it was enough to reassure me and keep me going. Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished.”
(from “Long Walk to Freedom”)
「人間の奥底には慈悲と寛容の心がある。憎しみをもって生まれてきた子どもなどいない。憎しみは後から学ぶのである。憎しみを学ぶことができるのならば、愛する心だって学ぶことができるはずである。何故なら愛することは人間に自然に身についたものだからである。長く厳しい監獄生活の中で白人刑務官が善意のかけらを見せることがあった。そうしたとき、我々はほんの一瞬の善意の輝きに励まされ、その後の苦しさを耐えることができた。人間は人種、出身に関わらず同胞を人間としての思いやりの気持ちをもてる、そういう存在なのだ。人間の善良さという“あかり”は、見えなくなっても決して消えることはない」。
（ここに人間にかけた思いを闘争の原動力としたマンデラたちの気持ちが凝縮されている。マンデラ達は獄中の極限状態でも、人間として同胞を思いやる気持ちに支えられていたのである。中学生になる私の娘の名は「あかり」という。）
“During my lifetime I have dedicated my life to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal for which I hope to live for and to see realised. But, if it needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”
(from the speech made by Nelson Mandela from dock of the defendant on 20 April 1964 at the Rivonia Rrial)
「黒人の解放闘争のため生涯を捧げて来た。私は白人による支配と闘い、黒人による支配とも闘ってきた。万人が平等な機会のもとに暮らす民主的で自由な理想を抱いてきた。私は、その理想のために必要であれば死ぬ覚悟がある」。
(終身刑が言い渡されたが、死を覚悟し、自分達が何のために闘って来たのかを後世に残そうとした渾身の言葉である。その言葉どおり、南アの解放と民主化は実現し、黒人も白人も解放された。だが、マンデラは「自由は責任となり、今後は他者の自由を支えるような生き方をしたい」とも言っている。今も世界には紛争や格差などの問題が山積するが、私達はマンデラが残してくれたものを考える必要がある。)
“How well have I applied his lessons in my own life? It’s a question I ask myself, as a man and as a President….. For around the world today, we still see children suffering from hunger and disease. We still see run-down schools. We still see young people without prospects for the future. Around the world today, men and women are still imprisoned for their political beliefs, and are still persecuted for what they look like, and how they worship, and who they love. That is happening today….. There are too many people who happily embrace Madiba’s legacy of racial reconciliation, but passionately resist even modest reforms that would challenge chronic poverty and growing inequality. There are too many leaders who claim solidarity with Madiba’s struggle for freedom, but do not tolerate dissent from their own people. (Applause.) And there are too many of us on the sidelines, comfortable in complacency or cynicism when our voices must be heard… Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done. …. We will never see the likes of Nelson Mandela again. But let me say to the young people of Africa and the young people around the world — you, too, can make his life’s work your own. Over 30 years ago, while still a student, I learned of Nelson Mandela and the struggles taking place in this beautiful land, and it stirred something in me. It woke me up to my responsibilities to others and to myself, and it set me on an improbable journey that finds me here today. And while I will always fall short of Madiba’s example, he makes me want to be a better man. (Applause.) He speaks to what’s best inside us…. Let us search for his largeness of spirit somewhere inside of ourselves. And when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach, let us think of Madiba and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of his cell: “It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.”
(from Remarks by President Obama at Memorial Service for Former South African President Nelson Mandela at FNB Stadium, 10th December, 2013)
「マンデラの訓えを自分の人生にどう活かすか、各人が自問しなければならない。今も世界には貧困や不正義が溢れている。だが、人種間の和解に共鳴すると言いながら、貧困撲滅や格差是正のわずかな改革にも反対する人々が如何に多いことか。マンデラの自由への闘争に連帯すると言いながら、批判を許さない指導者が如何に多いことか。それらを横目で見ながら声をあげず、無関心若しくはシニカルな態度に甘んじている人々が如何に多いことか。世界が直面する課題の克服はいずれも容易なものではない。だが、マンデラは「何事も達成するまでは不可能に思えるものだ」と語りかけている。私自身もマンデラの闘争に感銘を受け、米大統領への道を歩むこととなった。私はマンデラにはとても及ぶ人間ではない。しかし、それでもマンデラは、私に「より良い人間になりたい」という気持ちを奮い起こさせてくれる。自分自身の中にマンデラの大きさを見出そう。そして困難に直面したとき、マンデラが獄中生活を耐え抜いたことばを思い出そう。「いかに開かれた門が狭く、試練が辛くとも問題ではない、自分こそが運命の主人、自分こそが魂の行く手に舵をとる船 D9$G$”$k$N$@$+$i!#!W
(この言葉こそMandela and I projectの核心とも言える。史上初の黒人アメリカ合衆国大統領、オバマ大統領自身が”Mandela and I”を掘り下げたことば。)